Unit 11 · If It Hadn't Happened — Full Unit
The complete Unit 11 in one interactive page: words, grammar, listening, speaking, reading and writing.
الوحدة الحادية عشرة كاملة في صفحة تفاعلية واحدة: مفردات، قواعد، استماع، محادثة، قراءة، وكتابة.
Tap a card to flip it and hear the word — tap again to flip it back.
Tap a word, then tap the definition that matches it.
اختر الكلمة أولًا، ثم اختر المعنى الصحيح لها.
Words
Meanings
Read each statement about inventions and discoveries, then decide if it is true or false.
Press play, listen to the word, then pick its Arabic translation.
Tap a discovery or a regret to open it, then write a hypothetical sentence with "should have" or a past conditional about it.
Tap a topic above to start writing. اضغط على موضوع أعلاه لتبدأ الكتابة.
Read the example, then write your own language question and answer about a lesson word.
What part of speech is "regret" — a noun or a verb?
It can be both. As a verb it means to feel sorry about something; as a noun it means a feeling of sadness about something you did or did not do.
What's the opposite of "grateful"?
The opposite of "grateful" is "ungrateful".
Listen to the word, then type its correct spelling.
A message was found in a bottle on a beach. Discuss what you would have thought if you had found the bottle, and what you would have done with the money. عُثر على رسالة داخل زجاجة على الشاطئ. ناقش ماذا كنت ستفكر لو وجدت الزجاجة، وماذا كنت ستفعل بالمال.
In 1949, Jack Wurm, an unemployed man, was walking aimlessly on a California beach when he came across a bottle that had floated onto the beach. In it was a piece of paper with this message: "To avoid confusion, I leave my entire estate to the lucky person who finds this bottle and to my attorney, Barry Cohen, share and share alike. Daisy Alexander, June 20, 1937." It was not a hoax. Mr. Wurm received over $6 million from Daisy Alexander's estate.
Listen to the people on the radio show talk about their regrets. Answer true or false. استمع إلى المتحدثين في البرنامج الإذاعي عن ندمهم، ثم أجب بصح أو خطأ.
Note the reduction of "could have", "should have" and "would have" — they often sound like "coulda", "shoulda" and "woulda" in fast, natural speech. Click the words you think are stressed, then check. لاحظ اختزال could have وshould have وwould have في الكلام الطبيعي السريع. اضغط على الكلمات التي تظنها منبورة، ثم تحقق.
B. Practice your own sentence جملتك الخاصة
Type a sentence and mark the important words with ** on each side, like **this**. Then listen to it and practice reading it aloud. اكتب جملة وضع ** حول الكلمات المهمة، ثم استمع إليها وتدرّب على نطقها.
In pairs, ask the questions and have your friend answer. Then switch roles. في أزواج، اطرح الأسئلة ودع صديقك يجيب، ثم تبادلا الأدوار.
Find and underline examples of could have, should have, and would have. Practice reading the conversation in pairs. ابحث عن أمثلة لـ could have وshould have وwould have وتحته خطًا، ثم تدرّب على قراءة المحادثة مع زميلك.
You mean = an expression used to confirm what someone else has said
go out into the world = start to be on one's own and independent
breathing down someone's neck = constantly checking
As for (me) = an expression used to introduce a new subject/topic
have one's mind set on something = be firmly decided
About the Conversation عن المحادثة
Your Turn دورك
Role-play with a partner. Pretend you are talking to Faisal or Ibrahim. Talk about the things you would have done differently. مثّل محادثة مع زميلك وكأنك تتحدث إلى فيصل أو إبراهيم عن الأشياء التي كنت ستفعلها بشكل مختلف.
Learn important words from Mario's advice column — flip the cards, then match, listen, and spell. تعلّم كلمات مهمة من عمود مساعدة ماريو — اقلب البطاقات، ثم طابق واستمع وتهجّ.
1. Learn the Words تعلّم الكلمات
Tap a card to flip it and hear the word — tap again to flip it back.
2. Match the Meaning طابق المعنى
اختر الكلمة أولًا، ثم اختر المعنى الصحيح لها.
Words
Meanings
3. Listen & Choose اسمع واختر
Press play, listen to the word, then pick its Arabic translation.
4. Spelling إملاء
Listen to the word, then type its correct spelling.
Learn how to write a letter of advice, then read a second advice column and answer one of the letters yourself. تعلّم كيفية كتابة رسالة نصيحة، ثم اقرأ عمود نصائح آخر وأجب على إحدى الرسائل بنفسك.
A. Writing a Letter of Advice كتابة رسالة نصيحة
When you write a letter of advice:
Read Mariam's advice column below, then answer the guided questions about it. اقرأ عمود نصائح مريم أدناه، ثم أجب عن الأسئلة الموجّهة عنه.
B. Write Your Own Answer اكتب إجابتك الخاصة
Choose one of the letters in the unit (Mario's Advice Column or Ask Mariam) and be the advice-column writer. Write your own answer using the organizer notes below. اختر إحدى رسائل الوحدة (عمود ماريو أو مريم)، وكن أنت كاتب العمود، واكتب إجابتك باستخدام ملاحظات المنظّم أدناه.
Review "should have" + past participle, conditional sentences for hypothetical past situations, and expressing ability, permission and requests. راجع should have + التصريف الثالث، والجمل الشرطية للمواقف الافتراضية في الماضي، والتعبير عن القدرة والإذن والطلبات.
Should Have + Past Participle Should Have + التصريف الثالث
Use should have + past participle to talk about regrets — things you wish you had done or had not done.
I should have said I was sorry. (... but I did not say I was sorry)
I shouldn't have done that. (... but I did that)
Conditional Sentences: Hypothetical Situations in the Past جمل شرطية: مواقف افتراضية في الماضي
Use if + past perfect + would have + past participle to talk about things that did not happen in the past and had a result in the past, or to talk about things you would have done differently.
If I hadn't found my book, I would have been in trouble. (I found my book, so I wasn't in trouble.)
If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam. (I didn't study hard, so I didn't pass the exam.)
Use if + past perfect + would (not) + base verb/be + -ing to talk about things that did not happen in the past and have a result in the present.
If I hadn't learned English, I wouldn't understand you. (I learned English, so I understand you.)
If we had won, we would be celebrating. (We didn't win, so we aren't celebrating.)
Note: I'd = I + had or I + would. If I'd (= I had) been more careful, I'd (= I would) have avoided the accident.
If with Could and Might If مع could وmight
Use if and could/might + past perfect to talk about possibilities and missed opportunities.
If I had gotten a job last summer, I could have saved more money.
If she had left work earlier, she might have avoided traffic.
A. Make sentences with should have / shouldn't have كوّن جملًا باستخدام should have
Read the situations, and make sentences using should have/shouldn't have.
B. Match the two parts of the sentences طابق جزئي الجملة
Tap the beginning of a conditional sentence, then tap the ending that completes it correctly.
If...
Then...
Expressing Ability, Permission and Requests التعبير عن القدرة والإذن والطلبات
Ability: Use can for present ability and could for past ability.
Can the robot do my homework for me? No, it can't. You can do it yourself!
Could people travel long distances before the airplane was invented? Yes, they could. They traveled by ship.
Permission: Use may and can to express permission.
May I leave early today? Yes, you may. / No, you may not.
Requests: Use can and could to make polite requests. Could is more formal.
Could you fill in this form, please? Yes, of course.
If with Past Perfect and Would (Have) Been Able If مع الماضي التام وwould (have) been able
Use if + past perfect and be able to talk about ability and missed opportunities.
If I had studied computer science, I would be able to invent a cutting-edge robot. (present ability)
If Dr. Fleming had discovered penicillin sooner, doctors would have been able to save more lives during World War I. (past ability)
C. Complete the sentences with can, could and may أكمل الجمل باستخدام can وcould وmay
Complete the sentences with can, could and may and the verb in parentheses.
Present Perfect Tense versus Simple Past المضارع التام مقابل الماضي البسيط
Use the present perfect to talk about an action that happened in the past when the exact time is not known or important. Use the past tense when the exact time is given.
A: Have they discovered life on another planet yet? B: Yes, they have.
A: When did IBM introduce the first PC? B: It was introduced in 1981.
Time Expressions: Ago, For and Since تعبيرات زمنية: ago وfor وsince
Use the simple past tense when the exact time is given: yesterday, two days ago, last week/month/year. Use the present perfect simple with for to indicate the duration of the action: for two months, for a year, for a long time. Use the present perfect simple with since to indicate when the action began: since yesterday, since last June.
In 1908, a small asteroid exploded over Siberia.
We moved to Muscat three years ago.
She didn't call her mother last night.
He has worked as a scientist for many years.
We have lived in Muscat since May.
We haven't used our car for a long time.
A. Write sentences about the inventions اكتب جملًا عن الاختراعات
Work with a partner. Write sentences about the inventions using the present perfect with since or for.
| Invention | Date | Invention | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Credit card | 1951 | Electric lightbulb | 1879 |
| Canned food | the early 1800s | Film making | 1895 |
| Wristwatch | 1910 | Paper clip | the 1890s |
| Radio | 1901 | Airplane | 1903 |
| Toothpaste | 1841 | Ballpoint pen | 1888 |
💡 Example: People have had credit cards since 1951 / for over 70 years. (have)
B. Have you used any of these inventions? هل استخدمت أيًا من هذه الاختراعات؟
Have you used any of the inventions in exercise A? How long have you used them? Ask and answer questions with a partner. Add other inventions.
Have you ever been on a plane?
Yes, I have. I traveled by plane when I went on vacation last summer.
Do you have a credit card?
Yes, I've had a credit card for two years. OR I've had one since I was 18.